印欧語族（７）

to stand

stand (v.)

O.E. standan (class VI strong verb; past tense stod, pp. standen),
from P.Gmc. *sta-n-d- (cf.
O.N. standa,
O.S., Goth. standan,
O.H.G. stantan,
Swed. stå,
Du. staan,
Ger. stehen),
from PIE root *sta- "to stand" (see stet).

Sense of "to exist, be present" is attested from c.1300.
Meaning "to pay for as a treat" is from 1821.
Phrase stands to reason (1620) is from earlier stands (is constant) with reason.
Phrase stand pat is originally from poker (1882);
stand down in the military sense of "go off duty" is first recorded 1916.
Standing ovation attested by 1968;
standing army is from c.1600.

to eat

eat (v.)

O.E. etan (class V strong verb; past tense æt, pp. eten) "to eat, devour, consume,"
from P.Gmc. *etanan (cf.
O.Fris. ita,
O.S. etan,
M.Du. eten,
Du. eten,
O.H.G. ezzan,
Ger. essen,
O.N. eta,
Goth. itan),
from PIE root *ed- "to eat" (see edible).

Transferred sense of "slow, gradual corrosion or destruction" is from 1550s.
Meaning "to preoccupy, engross" (as in what's eating you?) first recorded 1893.
Slang sexual sense of "do cunnilingus on" is first recorded 1927.
Eat out "dine away from home" is from 1933.
The slang phrase to eat one's words is from 1570s;
to eat one's heart out is from 1590s;
for eat one's hat, see hat.