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vanity (n.)

https://www.etymonline.com/word/vanity

c. 1200, "that which is vain, futile, or worthless,"
from Old French vanite "self-conceit; futility; lack of resolve" (12c.),
from Latin vanitatem (nominative vanitas) "emptiness, aimlessness; falsity," figuratively "vainglory, foolish pride,"
from vanus "empty, void," figuratively "idle, fruitless,"
from PIE *wano-, suffixed form of root *eue- "to leave, abandon, give out."

Meaning "self-conceited" in English is attested from mid-14c.
Vanity table is attested from 1936.
Vanity Fair is from "Pilgrim's Progress" (1678).

eue-

https://www.etymonline.com/word/*eue-

euə-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to leave, abandon, give out,"
with derivatives meaning "abandoned, lacking, empty."